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Yield

Yield

Yields in finance refer to the return on an investment, usually expressed as a percentage of the investment's cost. Yields are used to measure the effectiveness of an investment in terms of the income generated relative to the amount invested.
The formula for yield can vary depending on the type of investment, but a common formula for yield is:
Yield = (Annual income / Investment cost) * 100
There are different types of yields, including: -
  • Coupon yield: - The coupon yield is the annual interest rate paid on a bond, expressed as a percentage of the bond's face value. It is calculated by dividing the annual coupon payment by the bond's face value.
  • Current yield: - The current yield is a measure of the income generated by an investment relative to its market price. It is calculated by dividing the annual income by the current market price of the investment.
  • Yield to maturity (YTM): - The yield to maturity is the total return expected on a bond if the investor holds the bond until maturity, taking into account both the coupon payments and any changes in the bond's price. It is calculated as the discount rate that makes the present value of the bond's future cash flows equal to its price.
  • Yield to call (YTC): - The yield to call is similar to YTM, but it takes into account the bond's call feature, which allows the issuer to redeem the bond before its maturity date. The yield to call is the total return expected on a bond if the bond is redeemed on its first call date.
  • Dividend yield: - The dividend yield is the annual dividend payment per share of a stock, expressed as a percentage of the stock's current market price. It is calculated by dividing the annual dividend payment by the stock's market price.
Yields provide important information to investors about the potential income generated by an investment and the risk associated with that investment. Higher yields generally indicate that an investment is more likely to generate higher income, but they also generally involve higher risk.
On the other hand, lower yields may indicate lower risk, but they also generally generate lower income. Understanding yields and the different types of yields can help investors make informed investment decisions and assess the potential returns of their investments.
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