Relative Value
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Price-to-earnings ratio (P/E ratio): - This is a common measure of relative value in the stock market, and it compares the price of a stock to its earnings per share (EPS). A high P/E ratio suggests that the stock may be overvalued compared to other stocks or the market as a whole, while a low P/E ratio may indicate that it is undervalued. -
Yield spread: - This measure compares the yield of one bond to the yield of another bond or to a benchmark yield, such as the yield on a 10-year U.S. Treasury bond. A wide yield spread may indicate that one bond is relatively more attractive than the other, based on its yield and other factors. -
Exchange rate: - The relative value of two currencies can be measured by comparing their exchange rates. For example, if the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the Euro is 1.20, it means that one Euro is worth $1.20.