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Clearinghouse

Clearinghouse

A Clearinghouse is a designated intermediary between a buyer and seller in a financial market. It ensures that the transaction is completed and protects both the buyer and the seller from default. It accomplishes this by creating a bilateral contract to protect against potential losses to either party. Every trade involves the buyer and seller agreeing to a set of terms, including a price and quantity, and a time and place to complete the trade. The clearinghouse acts as a third party to those contracts, ensuring that sellers get paid for their goods, and that buyers get the goods they paid for.
(See "What is a Clearinghouse?")
  • The role of the clearinghouse is an essential component of every securities market, whether it be a stock market, a bond market, or an options market.
  • A clearinghouse can also refer to an institution responsible for settling payment obligations between two institutions within the same country's financial system.
  • A clearing bank is an institution that holds customer funds and performs clearing functions for other banks.
  • The term "clearinghouse" originates from the literal function of the structure: to clear (or settle) transactions from the "exchange house" or "banking house", in which the transaction has been conducted.
A clearinghouse operates an accounts receivable ledger containing all the transactions that have been conducted on its exchange, as well as a journal for debiting and crediting the accounts of its members. Transactions are posted in the internal ledger after each day's trading, and are settled periodically, usually at the end of each month.
Clearinghouses also operate a general ledger, which is a consolidated list of all accounts and their debits and credits; it provides for easier auditing than would be provided by a separate ledger for each account.
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